Chlligraphy is beautifully formed lettering . The term applies to written text and illumination ( the decoration of manuscripts using gold leaf and colour ) . The essential materials needed to practise calligraph are writing tool , ink , and writing surface. Quills are among the oldest writing tools . They are usually made from goose or turkey feathers , and are noted for their flexibility and ability to produce fine lines . A quill point ,however , is not very durable and constant brecutting and trimming is required . The most commonly used writing instrument in western calligraphy is a detached metal nib is very durable , and there are wide range of different types .Particular types of nibs -are used for specific styles lettering . Some nibs have integral ink reservoirs and others have reservoirs that are detachable . Brushes are also used for writing , and for filling in outlined letters and painting decoration . Other writing tools used in calligraphy are fountain pens , felt – tip pens , rotring pens , and reed pens . Calligraphy links may come in liquid form , or as a solid ink stick . Ink sticks are ground down in common writing surfaces vfor calligraphy are good quality , smooth – surfaced papers . To achieve the best writing position , the calligrapher places the paper on a drawing board set at an angle .